Aan_Nuryanto: 2017

Easy way to master the Structure

By : Mr. Anto

TOPIC OF DISCUSSING

1. Topic of discussion…………………………………………. 1

2. To be…………………………………………………………… 2

3. There + be…………………………………………………….. 3

4. Present Progressive………………………………………… 4

5. Simple Present Tense………………………………………. 6

6. Future tense………………………………………………….. 8

7. Simple Past Tense…………………………………………… 9

8. Modal …………………………………………………………..10

9. Past continuous tense………………………………………11

10. Present perfect tense………………………………..12

11. Present perfect conyinuous tense ………………..13

12. Past perfect tense …………………………………….13

TO BE

To be actually is a verb but it is not full verb. To be is very important in English, it is caused of sentences in English need “to be”, especially in nominal sentences. ( to be sebenarnya adlah kata kerja. Tapi bukan sepenuhnya kata kerja, ini disebabkan kalimat dalam bahasa inggris memerlukan “to be”, khususnya kalimat nomina)

Kinds of “to be” (macam-macam to be)

1. Present to be (is/am/are)

2. Past to be (was/were)

3. “To be” for Perfect tense (have/has)

1. The usages of present to be: ( fungsi to be present)

It is used in nominal sentences in the simple present.(ini di gunakan dalam kalimat nomina dalam simple present) kalimat nomina adalah : kalimat tanpa kata kerja.

1. Am (untuk subject I)

2. Is (untuk subject he/she/it atau orang ke-3 tunggal)

3. Are (untuk subject You/they/we atau subject jamak)

For examples (contoh): I am a student,She is a student, They are students

2. The usages of past to be: (fungsi ‘to be’ past)

It is used in nominal sentences in the simple past tense.(di gunakan dalam kalimat nomina dalam ‘simple past tense’)

Was (bentuk lampau dari is/am)

Were (bentuk lampau dari are)

Examples: (contoh) 1. We were happy last night 2. She was beautiful at the party yesterday.

3. The usages of to be in the perfect tense: (fungsi ‘to be’ perfect )

Have untuk subject I/You/They/We atau Subject jamak

Has untuk subject he/she/it/ orang ke-3 tunggal.

Examples: (contoh) 1.He has gone. 2. They have written a letter yesterday.

THERE+ BE (ADA)

It is used to express a number of noun. (digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sejumlah kata benda)

There is (untuk kata benda tunggal)

There are (untuk benda jamak)

There were (untuk benda jamak dalam past tense)

There was (untuk benda tunggal dalam past tense)

There will be (untuk kalimat nominal dalam future tense)

The applications “there+be” in modal (pengaplikasian there=be dalam modal)

There must be (harus ada)

There may be (boleh ada)

There can be (bisa ada)

There should be (seharusnya ada)

For examples:

There is a book (ada sebuah buku)

There are books (ada banyak buku-buku)

There were books on the table just now (ada buku-buku di atas meja tadi)

There was a book on the table just now. (ada sebuah buku di atas meja barusan)

There will be a concert here tomorrow.(akan ada sebuah konser besok)

There must be a chance for Us( harus ada sebuah kesempatan untuk kita)

There may be an effort (boleh ada sebuah usaha)

There can be a surprise for us(bisa jadi ada sebuah kejutan untuk kita)

There should be a teacher here. (seharusnya ada seorang guru disini)

Present continuous tenses (present progressive)

It is used in the sentences are doing right now.(digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kalimat yang sedang berlangsung/terjadi)

The verb in this sentence must be ing-ending form.(kata kerja harus berakhiran-ing)

There are a lot of ways how to change verb (present) become verb-ing (present participle) : (ada berbagai cara mengubah kata kerja present menjadi present participle)

Ø By add ‘ing’ in the end of the verb:(dengan menambah akhiran-ing)

o Play-playing (bermain)

o Teach-teaching (mengajar)

Ø By change e-ending with ‘ing’ (mengubah huruf akhir ‘e’ pada kata kerja menjadi ing)

o Smoke-smoking (merokok)

o Ride-riding (menunggang)

o Make-making (membuat)

Ø By doubling the last letter on the certain word:(menggandakan huruf akhir )

o Run-running (berlari)

o Get-getting (mendapatkan)

o Put-putting (meletakkan)

Ø By change Ie-ending to “ying” (mengubah akhiran ‘ie’ menjadi ‘ying’)

o Tie-tying (mengikat)

o Lie-lying (berbohong)

The present progressive is divided by 2 sentences: verbal sentence and nominal sentence (present progressive di bedakan menjadi 2 macam yaitu kalimat verbal dan kalimat nominal’tanpa kata kerja”)

Formulas;

Verbal sentence (containing verb)/mengandung kata kerja

(+) subject + to be + present participle

(-) subject + to be +not + present participle

(?) To be + subject+ present participle?

The nominal sentence (no verb)/tanpa kata kerja

(+) subject + to be +nominal (noun/adj/adv)

(-) subject + to be + not + nominal

(?) To be +subject+ nominal?

Examples : (contoh)

Kalimat verbal:

1. (+) I am eating (saya sedang makan)

2. (-) I am not eating (saya sedang tidak makan)

3. (?) Are you eating? (Apakah kamu sedang makan?)

4. (+) she is sleeping in the bedroom (Dia sedang tidur di kamar)

5. (+) My mother is washing the clothes.(ibu ku sedang mencuci pakaian)

6. (+) They are playing football. (mereka sedang bermain bola)

7. (+) we are discussing about that problem.(kami sedang berdiskusi)

8. (- )They are not laughing. (mereka tidak sedang tertawa)

9. (-) He is not crying. (dia (lk) tidak sedang menangis)

10. (?) Are they writing? (apakah mereka sedang menulis)

Kalimat nominal: dalam kalimat nominal tidak perlu ada tambahan ‘ing’

1. (+) I am sleepy (saya sedang mengantuk)

2. (-) I am not sick (Saya tidak sedang sakit)

3. (?) Are you healthy?(Apakah kamu sedang sehat?)

4. (+) he is sleepy. (dia sedang mengantuk)

5. (+)They are at home (mereka sedang di rumah)

6. (+) We are in the classroom. (kami sedang di ruang kelas)

7. (+) My father is in USA now. (ayahku sedang di Amerika sekarang)

8. (+)Wati is sad. (wati sedang sedih)

9. (-) We are not naughty. (kami tidak sedang nakal)

10. (-) My father is not busy, He is free.(ayah ku tidak sedang sibuk,Dia libur)

The simple present tenses

It tells us about routine or daily activities.(menceritakan tentang rutinitas)

The simple present tense usually uses adverb of frequency (simple present tense biasanya menggunakan ‘kata keterangan frekuensi”)

· Always (selalu)

· Usually (biasanya)

· Sometimes (kadang-kadang)

· Often (sering)

· Seldom (jarang)

· Hardly ever (jarang)

· Every…… (setiap…)

· Once (sekali)

· Twice (2 kali)

· Three times (3 kali)

The formula to make nominal sentence in simple present is same as simple progressive. But in the verbal sentence we have to notice on the subject first,(rumus dalam kalimat nominal sama dengan simple progressive. Tapi kalimat verbalnya kita harus memperhatikan subjek nya dulu)

To make sentences in the simple present easily,(untuk membuat kalimat dengan mudah) I divided the subject become in two groups, there are: I/YOU/THEY/WE and HE/SHE/IT(third person) (subjek nya dibagi 2 kelompok i/you/they/we dan He/she/it (orang ke-3 tunggal)

Rumus untuk Subject I/YOU/THEY/WE/plural subject

· (+) S + VERB 1

· (-) S + DO NOT + VERB 1

· (?) DO + S + VERB 1?

· Examples = (+) We study English.(kami belajar bahasa inggris)

§ (-) We don’t study English.(kami tidak belajar bahasa inggris)

§ (?) Do we study English?(Apakah kami belajar bahasa inggris?)

The formula for subject HE/SHE/IT/third person

· (+) S + VERB 1(s/es)

· (-) S + DOES NOT + VERB 1

· (?) DOES+ S + VERB 1?

We have to remember in the negative and introgative sentence the verb is back to verb1,(kita harus ingat dalam kalimat negative dan introgative kata kerja kembali ke bentuk 1, tanpa tambahan ‘s’ dan ‘es”)

· Contoh : he studies English.

§ He does not study English.

§ Does he study English?

Here are a lot of ways how to change verb1 to verb with s/es ending : (berikut berbagai cara mengubah kata kerja-1 dengan akhiran ‘s’/’es”)

1. Give the “s” ending in the end of the verb (member akhiran ‘s’/’es”)

a. Play = plays (bermain)

b. Work = works (bekerja)

2. Change y-ending to “ies” (Mengubah akhiran –y menjadi ‘ies”)

a. Try = tries (mencoba)

b. Cry = cries (menangis)

c. Fly = flies (terbang)

3. Add “es” in the end of the certain verb (sh,ss,x,ch,o,etc/akhiran bunyi desis)

a. Wash =washes

b. Catch = catches

c. Watch=watches

d. Go=goes

e. Fix=fixes

f. Miss=misses

4. Add “s”in the end of the main verb

a. Take a bath = takes a bath

b. Poin to = points to

c. Pick up=picks up

FUTURE TENSE

It tells about activities in the future, it is similar like planning.(menceritakan tentang aktivitas di masa depan, ini identik seperti rencana)

The adverb of time of this tense are (Keterangan waktu dalam tensis ini adalah): tomorrow,next …………… (next week,next month,next year,next Monday,etc)

It is divided by nominal sentence and verbal sentence: (dibagi menjadi kalimat nominal dan kalimat verbal)

1. The verbal sentence using ‘will’ : (kalimat verbal dengan will)

Rumus : (+) S + will/shall +VERB 1

(-) S +will/shall + NOT + VERB 1

(?) WILL/SHALL + S +VERB 1?

2. Verbal sentence (to be going to) (kalimat verbal dengan going to)

Rumus : (+) S + to be + going to + verb 1

(-) S + to be +not + going to + verb 1

(?) To be + S + going to + verb 1

§ They will go to school (mereka akan pergi ke sekolah)

§ They will not go to school (mereka tidak akan pergi ke sekolah)

§ Will they go to school?(akankah mereka pergi kesekolah?)

§ I am going to go to school (saya akan pergi ke sekolah)

§ I am not going to go to school(saya tidak akan pergi ke sekolah)

§ Am I going to go to school? (akankah saya pergi ke sekolah?)

3. Nominal sentence in the future tense

You just need to add “be” after will/shall or after going to (kamu hanya perlu menambahkan be setelah will/shall/going to)

1. We will be better (kami akan lebih baik)

2. They will be at home tomorrow (mereka akan berada di rumah besok)

3. We shall be fine tomorrow (kami akan baik-baik saja besok)

4. I am going to be free next week (saya akan libur besok)

5. It is going to be cold next month (ini akan dingin bulan depan)

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

It is used to express the sentence in the past, it’s like self experience,fable,legend etc.. (digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kalimat di masa lampau, seperti pengalaman, cerita fable, legenda dll)

The simple past tense is usually using the adverb of the time like yesterday/last night/last year/last week/last….(simple past tense biasanya menggunakan keterangan wakru kemarin/tadi malam/tahun lalu/minggu lalu/ ……lalu)

Simple past tense di bagi menjadi 2 kalimat : verbal sentence and nominal sentence

A. VERBAL SENTENCE (menggunakan kata kerja)

Rumus :

Ø (+) subject + verb 2

Ø (-) subject + did not + verb 1

Ø (?) Did + subject + verb 1?

Contoh :

Ø (+) I helped my father in the garden yesterday

Ø (-) I did not help my father in the garden yesterday

Ø (?) Did I help my father in the garden yesterday?

B. NOMINAL SENTENCE (TANPA KATA KERJA)

Ø (+) S + was/were + NOMINAL( adjective/noun/adverb)

Ø (-) S + was/were+ not + NOMINAL

Ø (?) was/were + S + NOMINAL

Contoh :

Ø I was happy yesterday (Saya bahagia kemarin)

Ø She was good at your house yesterday (dia baik di rumah mu kemarin)

Ø They were not sad (mereka tidak sedih)

Ø Were you disappointed yesterday? (apakah kamu kecewa kemarin?)

to be “is” dan “am” lampau nya “WAS”, dan “Are” lampau nya “WERE”.

MODAL

Modal adalah kata kerja bantu. Dalam penggunaan nya tidak perlu kata kerja bantu lagi seperti Do, does, atau did.

Macam-macam modal :

Ø CAN : BISA/DAPAT/MAMPU

Ø MAY : BOLEH

Ø MUST : HARUS

Ø SHOULD : SEHARUSNYA

CONTOH :

1. I can come to your house (saya bisa datang ke rumah mu)

2. She can cook well (dia bisa memasak dengan baik)

3. He must come in (dia harus masuk)

4. We can’t fly (kita tidak bisa terbang)

5. Can you do it? (bisakah kamu mengerjakan ini?)

6. They must pay their debt (mereka harus membayar hutang mereka)

7. We must not cry (kita tidak harus menangis)

8. We musn’t scream (kita tidak harus berteriak)

9. You may go home (kamu boleh pulang)

10. You may do it (kamu boleh melakukan ini)

11. You may not sit down. (kamu tidak boleh duduk)

12. You may not come in.(kamu tidak boleh masuk)

13. I should help her. (saya seharusnya membantu nya (pr) )

14. We should buy it. (kita seharusnya membeli ini)

15. You should not tell lie ( kamu tidak seharusnya berbohong)

16. They shouldn’t sleep here (mereka tidak seharusnya tidur disini)

Untuk kalimat nominal (tanpa kata kerja), tambahkan “be’’ setelah modal

CONTOH :

1. You can be healthy (kamu bisa sehat)

2. They can be sick (mereka bisa sakit)

3. We must be here (kita harus kesini)

4. You must be there (kamu harus kesana)

5. You may be disappointed (kamu boleh jadi kecewa)

6. They may be jealous(mereka boleh jadi cemburu)

7. She should be successful (dia seharusnya sukses)

8. You musn’t be sad (kamu tidak harus bersedih)

9. We musn’t be glad (kami tidak harus gembira)

10. Andhika can’t be here (andika tidak bisa kesini)

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

= Menyatakan 2 kejadian yang berlangsung secara bersamaan di masa lampau.

Yang harus di fahami adalah tenses ini menggunakan 2 kalimat , yaitu kalimat pertama (first sentence) dan kalimat ke-2 ( clausa) Sama hal nya dengan present continuous, beda nya hanya to be nya harus “lampau” yaitu menggunakan WAS dan WERE dan di ikuti verb+ing (di kalimat pertama)

Kalimat keduanya Biasanya menggunakan kata penghubung : When = ketika (di ikuti SUBJECT+ V2), while = saat/sementara iti (di ikuti SUBJECT+ VERB+ing), while= saat (di ikuti SUBJECT+ verb+ing)

1.KALIMAT VERBAL

Ø (+) S+WAS/WERE+V-ING +when/while……

Ø (-) S+was/were not + verb-ing+while…….

Ø (?)Was/were + S +verb+ing +when/while…………..

CONTOH =

1. He was reading a newspaper when I came to her. (dia sedang membaca Koran ketika saya datang)

2. She was standing while I was looking at her. (dia sedang berdiri saat saya sedang mencarinya)

3. You were talking to a girl when I saw you last night (kamu sedang berbicara dengan seorang gadis keika saya melihat mu semalam)

2. KALIMAT NOMINAL

Kalimat nominal disini sama dengan past tense , menggunakan “to be past” dan,

Contoh :

1. She was good when I saw her last month. (dia sangat baik ketika saya melihat nya bulan lalu)

2. You were very kind last night while I was sick (kamu sangat baik ketika saat saya sakit)

3. We were glad when you arrived here yesterday. (kami gembira ketika kamu datang kemarin)

Present perfect tense

= menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa lampau yang dampak nya masih ada sampai sekarang. Semua kalimat menggunakan verb-3 (participle).

1. KALIMAT VERBAL

Subject nya dibedakan menjadi 2, I/you/they/we/plural subject. Dan he/she/it/thir person. Subject I/you/they we menggunakan subject HAVE, he/she/it memakai tobe HAS.

RUMUS;

Ø S+HAVE/HAS+VERB 3

Ø S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+VERB 3

Ø HAVE/HAS+S+VERB 3?

CONTOH:

1. I have studied English for 6 months (saya sudah belajar b.inggris selama 6 bulan)

2. I’ve played football since at 5. (saya sudah bermain bola sejak jam. 5)

3. They have read this story until now. (mereka sudah membaca cerita ini hingga sekarang)

4. We haven’t come (kami belum datang)

5. They haven’t played. (mereka belum bermain)

6. Have you had lunch? (sudahkah kamu makan siang?)

7. she has taken a bath (dia sudah mandi)

8. he has not arrived (dia belum sampai)

9. ani hasn’t eaten (ani belum makan)

10. Has he gone?(sudahkah dia pergi?)

2.KALIMAT NOMINAL

Dalam kalimat nominal rumusnya sama dengan verbal, bedanya harus ditambahkan “been” setelah have atau has. Dlam kalimat ini tidak ada kata kerja sehingga disebut kalimat nominal (bisa berupa kata sifat/kata benda/keterangan dll)

CONTOH :

1. She has been here (dia sudah berada disini)

2. You haven’t been ready yet.(kamu belum siap)

3. Has he been fine?(dia sudah sehat)

4. Has he been fine?(sudahkah dia sehat)

5. Have you been hungry?(Sudahkah kamu lapar?)

6. She hasn’t been tired yet.(dia sudah lelah)

7. They have been here already.(mereka sudah siap)

8. It has been enough.(ini sudah cukup)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

= untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa lampau yang masih (sedang) berlangsung sampai sekarang.

Ø Formula = (+) S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V.ing

§ (-) S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + V. ing

§ (?) HAVE/HAS + S+ BEEN + V. ing

Examples =

1. We have been living in Jakarta since 2012 (kami sudah tinggal di Jakarta sejak 2012)

2. He has been waiting for you for an hour. (dia sudah menunggu mu selama 1 jam)

3. She has been sick for two days.(dia sudah sakit sejak 2 hari)

4. I have been hungry since this morning. (saya sudah lapar sejak tadi pagi)

5. It has been raining since this morning. (hujan sudah turun sejak tadi pagi)

6. They have not been eating ( mereka belum makan)

7. Have you been thirsty since this morning? ( apakah kamu sudah haus sejak tadi pagi)

8. Has your mom been fine?( apakah ibu mu sudah sehat?)

PAST PERFECT TENSE

= menyatak kejadian yg telah usai, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi.

Ø Formula = S + HAD + V3

§ S + HAD + NOT + V3

§ HAD + S + V3 ?

EXAMPLES =

1. My parents had already eaten by the time I got home

2. Until yesterday I had never heard about this

3. The teacher had already given the quiz.

4. He had not drunk milk before I come.

Untuk kalimat nominal tambahkan “been” setelah had.

Contoh =

1. We have been late before the teacher arrived

2. She had been angry before I told her the problem.

3. We had not been fine by the time you come

Aan_Nuryanto

Sabtu, 14 Oktober 2017

MC to Kota Tua 2017

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BOGOR

When I wanted to make PASSPOR

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Jumat, 13 Oktober 2017

The Key of BASIC STRUCTURE

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